Anatomy

Molecular analysis of regulative events in the developing chick limb
The developing chick limb has the remarkable ability to regulate for the loss of large amounts of mesenchyme and maintain a normal limb pattern in early (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 19; E3) limbs. How the limb can regulate for tissue loss and why this ability is lost as development proceeds (aft...


Determination of three-dimensional muscle architectures: validation of the DTI-based fiber tractography method by manual digitization
In the last decade, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used increasingly to investigate three-dimensional (3D) muscle architectures. So far there is no study that has proved the validity of this method to determine fascicle lengths and pennation angles within a whole muscle. To verify the DT...
Structure-based screening of inhibitors against KPC-2: designing potential drug candidates against multidrug-resistant bacteria
KPC-2 β-lactamase demonstrates a wide substrate spectrum that includes carbapenamases, oxyimino-cephalosporins, and cephamycins. In addition, strains harboring KPC-type β-lactamases are often identified as resistant to standard β-lactamase inhibitors. Thus, KPC-2 carbapenems present a signific...
Exploring the structural features of Aspartate Trans Carbamoylase (TtATCase) from Thermus thermophilus HB8 through in silico approaches: a potential drug target for inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism
Enzymes involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway have become an important target for the pharmacological intervention. One among those enzymes, Aspartate Trans Carbamoylase (ATCase), catalyses the condensation of aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to form N-carbamoyl-l-aspartate and inorgan...
The Superficial Glia Limitans of Mouse and Monkey Brain and Spinal Cord
Using the double immunostaining method, the glia limitans on the surfaces of mouse and monkey brain and spinal cord were studied systematically. The results showed that the superficial glia limitans of mouse brain and spinal cord comprise a layer of surface astrocytes, while the glia limitans of ...
Ontogenetic patterns of morphological variation in the ectocranial human vault
The skull is considered a modular structure in which different parts are influenced by different factors and, as a result, achieve adult shape at different ages. Previous studies have suggested that the basicranium presents a modular pattern that distinguishes sagittal and lateral parts, probably...


August Hirt and “Extraordinary Opportunities for Cadaver Delivery” to Anatomical Institutes in National Socialism: A Murderous Change in Paradigm
German anatomical institutes had always had problems obtaining sufficient cadavers for research and training. In the National Socialist (NS) period this changed. Universities could count on “extraordinary opportunities for cadaver delivery”. Most frequently tacitly, many bodies were those of ...
Quantitative Analysis of the Cochlea using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction based on Microcomputed Tomographic Images
The aim of this study was to provide data on various dimensions of the normal cochlea using three-dimensional reconstruction based on high-resolution micro-CT images. The petrous parts of 39 temporal bones were scanned by micro-computed tomography (CT) with a slice thickness of 35 μm. The micro-...
Identification of the origin of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers within the superior hypogastric plexus of the human fetus
Nerve fibers contributing to the superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) and the hypogastric nerves (HN) are currently considered to comprise an adrenergic part of the autonomic nervous system located between vertebrae (T1 and L2), with cholinergic aspects originating from the second to fourth sacral s...
Repigmentation of cutaneous scars depends on original wound type
Cutaneous scarring is currently an inevitable outcome following skin injury. Abnormal pigmentation within scars makes them more noticeable, causing distress for patients, particularly as there is no reliable and effective treatment available to date. The Duroc pig, known to scar badly, was used t...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Anatomy of the Ovine Lumbar Spine
Although the ovine spine is a useful research model for intervertebral disc pathology and vertebral surgery, there is little peer-reviewed information regarding the MRI anatomy of the ovine spine. To describe the lumbar spine MRI anatomy, 10 lumbar segments of cadaver ewes were imaged by 1.5-Tesl...


Development of the oxytalan fiber system in the periodontal space of rat incisors
The present study clarifies developmental organization of the oxytalan fiber system in the periodontal space of both the enamel (labial) and cementum (lingual) sides of rat incisors. The number of oxytalan fibers per unit area (μm2) was counted in rat incisors at stages of embryonic day 20 (E20)...
Probing the interaction of lysozyme with ciprofloxacin in the presence of different-sized Ag nano-particles by multispectroscopic techniques and isothermal titration calorimetry
The binding of ciprofloxacin to lysozyme in the presence of three Ag nano-particles of varying sizes was for the first time investigated by multispectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetry techniques at pH 7.4. The results indicated that ciprofloxacin quenched the fluorescence intensity of...
Scanning electron microscopic evidence for physical segmental boundaries in the anterior presomitic mesoderm
The metameric pattern of the axial skeleton is established during embryogenesis by somite formation from the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm (presomitic mesoderm). Here, we have investigated the morphology of the anterior presomitic mesoderm of chick embryos using scanning electron microscopy. We f...
Continuous PTH modulates alkaline phosphatase activity in human PDL cells via protein kinase C dependent pathways in vitro
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, a major component of the tooth supporting apparatus, share osteoblastic characteristics including their responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clinical studies have already pointed to the benefit of PTH in supporting regenerative processes in the craniofaci...