Impact of maternal mild hyperglycemia on maternal care and offspring development and behavior of Wistar rats

submitted by CarIan 9 months ago - Topic: Physiology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maternal mild hyperglycemia on maternal behavior, as well as the development, behavior, reproductive function, and glucose tolerance of the offspring. At birth, litters were assigned either to Control (subcutaneous (sc)-citrate buffer) or STZ groups (streptozotocin (STZ)-100mg/kg-sc.). On PND 90 both STZ-treated and control female rats were mated. Glucose tolerance tests (G) and insulin tolerance tests (I) were performed during pregnancy. Pregnancy duration, litter size and sex ratio were assessed. Newborns were classified according to birth weight as small (SPA), adequate (APA), or large for pregnancy age (LPA). Maternal behavior was analyzed on PND 5 and 10. Offspring body weight, length, and anogenital distance were measured and general activity was assessed in the open field. Sexual behavior was tested in both male and female offspring. Levels of reproductive hormones and estrous cycle duration were evaluated in female offspring. Female offspring were mated and both a G and I performed during pregnancy. Neonatal STZ administration caused mild hyperglcyemia during pregnancy and changed some aspects of maternal care. The hyperglycemic intrauterine millieu impaired physical development and increased immobility in the open field in the offspring although the latter effect appeared at different ages for males (adulthood) and females (infancy). There was no impairment in the sexual behavior of either male or female offspring. As adults, female offspring of STZ-treated mothers did not show glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Thus, offspring of female rats that show mild hyperglycemia in pregnancy have fewer behavioral and developmental impairments than previously reported in the offspring of severely diabetic dams suggesting that the degree of impairement is directly related to the mother glycemic intensity. Maternal mild hyperglycemia changed some aspects of maternal behavior. Offspring development and general activity was impaired but not sexual behavior. Female offspring reproductive hormones and estrous cycle length were not impaired. Female offspring did not become glucose intolerant during pregnancy. Maternal mild hyperglycemia is enough to impair offspring development and behavior.

submitted by renlianfeng 1 year and 3 months ago - Topic: Physiology

In the present study, we tested both the cumulative stress and the mismatch hypothesis of psychopathology. For this purpose the combined effects of early-life adversity and later-life stress exposure on behavioral markers of psychosis susceptibility were studied in male Wistar rats.MethodExperime...

Nature, nurture or nutrition? Impact of maternal nutrition on maternal care, offspring development and reproductive function

submitted by pgaa 1 year and 2 months ago - Topic: Physiology

We have previously reported that offspring of mothers fed a high fat (HF) diet during pregnancy and lactation enter puberty early and are hyperleptinaemic, hyperinsulinaemic and obese as adults. Poor maternal care and bonding can also impact offspring development and disease risk. We therefore hy...

Maternal high-fat diet induces obesity and adrenal and thyroid dysfunction in male rat offspring at weaning

submitted by KanyeWil 9 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Maternal nutritional status affects the future development of offspring. Both undernutrition and overnutrition in critical periods of life (gestation or lactation) may cause several hormonal changes in the pups and programme obesity in the adult offspring. We have shown that hyperleptinaemia duri...

Hypoxia in early pregnancy induces cardiac dysfunction in adult offspring of Rattus norvegicus, a non-hypoxia-adapted species

submitted by donphainex 8 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Environmental stresses such as hypoxia can alter the development of the fetus that are manifested later in life, but the impact of early maternal hypoxia (MH) on cardiac performance, coronary flow and catecholamine responsiveness in adult offspring is less clear. The effects of exposure to chroni...

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 shifts the balance from proinjury to prosurvival in the placentas of pregnant rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure

submitted by JasMicheal 1 year and 2 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Placental hypoxia/ischemia has been implicated as a central factor in the development of preeclampsia. One particularly useful animal model to study the impact of placental ischemia is the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model. We have previously demonstrated that RUPP animals exhibit e...

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the maternal diet modify the post-natal development of nervous regulation of intestinal permeability in piglets

submitted by senhtronlom 1 year and 10 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Maternal diet can impact upon intestinal epithelial barrier function in newborn. In this study, we demonstrated that supplementation of the maternal diet with 18:3n-3 modified intestinal permeability, probably via diet-induced neuroplastic changes of the ENS of newborn piglets. The intestinal epi...

Impulsivity and aggressive behavior in Roman high and low avoidance rats: Baseline differences and adolescent social stress induced changes

submitted by BlaRoss 1 year and 4 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Adverse and stressful experiences during adolescence are often of a social nature. The social defeat model in rats is used as an animal model for bullying in humans. Usually large individual differences in response to social defeat are found. The personality type that is mostly affected and the u...

Oxidative stress associated with paternal care in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

submitted by pajeonta 1 year and 2 months ago - Topic: Physiology

In species that provide parental care, care for offspring is often accompanied by an increase in locomotor activity and a decrease in feeding opportunities which can negatively impact endogenous energy reserves. Depletion of parental energy stores and declines in nutritional condition can cause p...

Impact of maternal dexamethasone on coronary PGE2 production and prostaglandin-dependent coronary reactivity

submitted by ksorovonon97 8 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased fetal glucocorticoid exposure and an increased risk of adult coronary artery disease. Coronary arteries from sheep exposed to early gestation dexamethasone (Dex) have increased constriction to angiotensin II (ANG II). Prostaglandin E2 (...

Impact of diabetes mellitus on bladder uroepithelial cells

submitted by wosin 4 months ago - Topic: Physiology

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms including urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence. As DBD is commonly diagnosed late in DM, it is important to understand the chronic impact of this d...