Vibrational spectroscopy has a long history as an important spectroscopic method in chemical and pharmaceutical analysis. Instrumentation for infrared (IR) spectroscopy was revolutionized by the introduction of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In addition, easier sampling combined with better sample-to-sample reproducibility and user-to-user spectral variation became available with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) probes and their application for in situ IR spectroscopy. These innovations allow many new applications in chemical and pharmaceutical analysis, such as the use of IR spectroscopy in Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC), the quantitation of drugs in complex matrix formulations, the analysis of protein binding and function and in combination with IR microscopy to the emergence of IR imaging technologies. The use of ATR-FTIR instruments in forensics and first response to ‘white powder’ incidents is also discussed. A short overview is given in this perspective article with the aim to renew and intensify interest in IR spectroscopy.
The present paper describes the characterization carried out on the roof of a private palace located in the historical centre of Venice (Italy). We focused our attention on the studies of original constituent materials (pigments and binders), in order to identify the pictorial technique of the ar...
The preservation of design object collections requires an understanding of their constituent materials which are often polymeric blends. Challenges associated with aging of complex polymers from objects with an unknown physical history may compromise the interpretation of data from analytical tec...
Numerous textiles of inestimable historical significance have been preserved in the monasteries of Mount Athos for several centuries. However, our knowledge regarding the materials used in these objects is very limited. In the present study, microsamples extracted from ecclesiastical textiles (16...
The use of synchrotron radiation techniques to study cultural heritage and archaeological materials has undergone a steep increase over the past 10–15 years. The range of materials studied is very broad and encompasses painting materials, stone, glass, ceramics, metals, cellulosic and wooden ma...
submitted by mofotlolmkhir 2 years and 3 months ago
A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate (SPI) sponges was prepared using a freeze-drying process. The effect of the SPI content on the structure of the sponges was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy...
This paper is aimed at defining the artistic technique performed by the outstanding artist Isidoro Bianchi for the Baroque stucco decorations in the church of Santa Maria dei Ghirli (Campione d'Italia, Italy). Samples of stucco were examined by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron micro...
Otal reflection X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TRXPS) is reviewed and all the published papers on TRXPS until the end of 2009 are included. Special emphasis is on the historical development. Applications are also described for each report. The background reduction is the most important effect ...
Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy was used for the non-invasive, direct identification of colorants used to dye historical printed papers, overcoming obstacles such as low concentration of the dye, faded colors and fluorescence interference of the aged paper substrate. Based on a newly cr...
Liberal-contractarian philosophies of justice see the unjust systems of slavery and autocracy in the past as being based on coercion"whereas the social order in modern democratic market societies is based on consent and contract. However, the 'best' case for slavery and autocracy in the past were...
The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of the early American clock industry as an entrepreneurial endeavor and to focus on the innovative marketing and financing practices that helped transform the industry during the first half of the nineteenth century. The paper uses the histo...
