In the 1960s and early 1970s, two political movements in Chile, one led by Eduardo Frei and the other by Salvador Allende, achieved remarkable victories in presidential elections. They both vowed to bring about radical change within the framework of the law. Unfortunately, however, both administrations failed to achieve their objectives. This article, focusing on the 30-year period that preceded these two electoral victories, argues that Frei and Allende's seemingly inordinate faith in the virtues and flexibility of the legal system was firmly rooted in the political system and stemmed from a peculiar form of constitutionalism, which it describes as legality without courts.
Stafford Beer's Viable System Model is the best known of the many cybernetic models he constructed over a career spanning more than 50 years. He explored the necessary conditions for viability in any complex system whether an organism, an organization or a country. Although the model was first ap...
The international movement in solidarity with Chile that developed and flourished in the 1970s first emerged when the Unidad Popular government of Salvador Allende (1970-1973) was still in power but gained strength after the Chilean military overthrew the government and imposed the military dicta...
This paper employs a historical approach to challenge the widely held notion that Chile does not have an 'Indian problem', or any kind of multinational diversity within its borders. It will examine aspects of Chile's recent past from the perspective of the Mapuche people. Its purpose is twofold: ...
Research on judicial independence suggests that high courts can be designed to serve as external checks on political actors. However, independence from political influence does not necessarily imply incentives to use these powers. Chile's Constitutional Tribunal, while possessing significant powe...
Psychotherapy today is facing a challenge of growing within a new framework. Outcomes are becoming critical and integrative psychotherapy should provide good results. Chilean experience"with integrative psychotherapy"is described. The Chilean approach involves a theoretical background (an integra...
submitted by cindymitch84 2 years and 5 months ago
Pollination interaction networks exhibit structural regularities across a wide range of natural environments. Long-tailed degree distribution, nestedness, and modularity are the most prevalent topological patterns found in most bipartite networks analyzed up to day. In this work we evaluate the v...
The taxonomy of the order Zoantharia (=Zoanthidea=Zoanthiniaria) is greatly hampered by the paucity of diagnostic morphological features. To facilitate discrimination between similar zoanthids, a combination of morphological and molecular analyses is applied here. The three most abundant zoanthid...
submitted by erclinclflyc 2 years and 5 months ago
Nestedness has been recognized as a characteristic pattern of community organization. In a nested metacommunity, species-poor sites are proper subsets of relatively richer sites, implying that the conservation of many poor habitats can be ineffective.2. Here we compiled the last 30 years of publi...
Chondracantus chamissoi (C. Agardh) Ko¼tzing is an economically important red seaweed with an extended latitudinal distribution along the south-east Pacific. Here we report on the seasonal in vitro germination of carpospores and tetraspores from four populations distributed from 27 to 41°S on...
The Chilean government decided to modernize Santiago's entire public transport system, integrating the underground and the private bus networks based on a structure of trunk and feeder services, and a fare-payment by touchless smart card. The new, integrated transit system, known as Transantiago,...
